The Three-Fifths Compromise History and Significance

The three-fifths compromise was an agreement reached by the state delegates at the 1787 Constitutional Convention. Under the compromise, every enslaved American would be counted as three-fifths of a person for taxation and representation purposes. This agreement gave the Southern states more electoral power than they would have had if the enslaved population had been ignored entirely. Key Takeaways: The Three-Fifths Compromise The three-fifths compromise was an agreement, made at the 1787 Constitutional Convention, that allowed Southern states to count a portion of its enslaved population for purposes of taxation and representation.The compromise gave the South more power than it would have had if enslaved people had not been counted.The agreement allowed slavery to spread and played a role in the forced removal of Native Americans from their lands.The 13th and 14th Amendments effectively repealed the three-fifths compromise. Origins of the Three-Fifths Compromise At the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, the founders of the United States were in the process of forming a union. Delegates agreed that the representation each state received in the House of Representatives and the Electoral College would be based on population, but the issue of slavery was a sticking point between the South and the North. It benefitted Southern states to include enslaved people in their population counts, as that calculation would give them more seats in the House of Representatives and thus more political power. Delegates from Northern states, however, objected on the grounds that enslaved people could not vote, own property, or take advantage of the privileges that white men enjoyed. (None of the lawmakers called for the end of slavery, but some of the representatives did express their discomfort with it. George Mason of Virginia called for anti-slave trade laws, and Gouverneur Morris of New York called slavery â€Å"a nefarious institution.†) Ultimately, the delegates who objected to slavery as an institution ignored their moral qualms in favor of unifying the states, thus leading to the creation of the three-fifths compromise. The Three-Fifths Compromise in the Constitution First introduced by James Wilson and Roger Sherman on June 11, 1787, the three-fifths compromise counted enslaved people as three-fifths of a person. This agreement meant that the Southern states got more electoral votes than if the enslaved population hadn’t been counted at all, but fewer votes than if the enslaved population had been fully counted. The text of the compromise, found in Article 1, Section 2, of the Constitution, states: â€Å"Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons.† The compromise acknowledged that slavery was a reality, but did not meaningfully address the evils of the institution. In fact, the delegates passed not only the three-fifths compromise, but also a constitutional clause that allowed slaveholders to â€Å"reclaim† enslaved people who escaped. By characterizing them as fugitives, this clause criminalized the enslaved individuals who ran away in quest of their freedom. How the Compromise Affected Politics in the 19th Century The three-fifths compromise had a major impact on U.S. politics for decades to come. It allowed slave states to have a disproportionate influence on the presidency, the Supreme Court, and other positions of power. It also resulted in the country having a roughly equal number of free and slave states. Some historians contend that major events in U.S. history would have had opposite outcomes were it not for the three-fifths compromise, including: The election of Thomas Jefferson in 1800;The Missouri Compromise of 1820, which allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state;The Indian Removal Act of 1830, in which Native American tribes were forcibly removed from their land;The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which allowed residents of those territories to determine for themselves whether they wanted slavery practiced there. Altogether, the three-fifths compromise had a detrimental impact on vulnerable populations, such as the enslaved and the nation’s indigenous peoples. Slavery may have been kept in check rather than allowed to spread without it, and fewer Native Americans may have had their way of life upended, to tragic results, by removal policies. The three-fifths compromise allowed the states to unite, but the price was harmful government policies that continued to reverberate for generations. Repeal of the Three-Fifths Compromise The 13th Amendment of 1865 effectively gutted the three-fifths compromise by outlawing slavery. But when the 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868, it officially repealed the three-fifths compromise. Section 2 of the amendment states that seats in the House of Representatives were to be determined based on â€Å"the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. The repeal of the compromise gave the South more representation since the members of the formerly enslaved African-American population were now counted fully. Yet, this population continued to be denied the full benefits of citizenship. The South enacted laws such as â€Å"grandfather clauses† meant to disenfranchise African Americans, even as the black population gave them more influence in Congress. The additional voting power not only gave Southern states more seats in the House but more electoral votes, too. Congress members from other regions sought to reduce the Souths voting power because African Americans were being stripped of their voting rights there, but a 1900 proposal to do so never materialized. Ironically, this is because the South had too much representation in Congress to allow for a switch. Until as recently as the 1960s, Southern Democrats, known as Dixiecrats, continued to wield a disproportionate amount of power in Congress. This power was based in part on the African-American residents, who were counted for the purposes of representation but who were prevented from voting through grandfather clauses and other laws that threatened their livelihoods and even their lives. The Dixiecrats used the power they had in Congress to block attempts to make the South a more equitable place. Eventually, however, federal legislation such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 would thwart their efforts. During the civil rights movement, African Americans demanded the right to vote and ultimately became an influential voting bloc. They have helped a slew of black political candidates get elected in the South and nationally, including the nation’s first black president, Barack Obama, demonstrating the significance of their full representation. Sources Henretta, James, and W. Elliot Brownlee, David Brody, Susan Ware, and Marilynn S. Johnson. Americas History, Volume 1: to 1877. New York: Worth Publishers, 1997. Print.Applestein, Donald. â€Å"The Three-Fifths Compromise: Rationalizing the Irrational.† National Constitution Center, Feb. 12, 2013.â€Å"Indian Removal: 1814-1858.† PBS.org. Philbrick, Steven. â€Å"Understanding the Three-Fifths Compromise.† San Antonio Express-News, Sept. 16, 2018.

Essay on Gender in Hawthorne’s Blithedale Romance

Gender in Hawthorne’s Blithedale Romancenbsp; nbsp; The Blithedale Romance, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a story of a twisted utopia. This perfect world is twisted in that the roles of gender have a traditional utopian representation, only with a more contemporary take. Of course, this is interesting because this book was written and published in the 19th century when such ideas were beginning to establish a form for the genre of writing. Hawthorne combines fantasy, philosophy, mystery, gothic, and even [what would be called today] science fiction. This novel illustrates the early break from even fresh ideas. The writing style allows for the genderizing degenderizing affect as well as nature of the self. nbsp;†¦show more content†¦The males within the novel always seemed to be placing their skills and knowledge above the womens own. Characters such as Coverdale and Hollingsworth placed their own thoughts above those of the female characters almost anytime that they could. The women, oddly, seemed to show diverse roles. Subtly, this is a representation of women as more complex than men in general. One of the characters, Zenobia, is probably the most least genderized character of the novel, that is, until the end. Throughout most of the novel, she is seen as very masculine (in comparison to traditional roles that is) yet very feminine at the same time. She has a mystical illusion about her yet seems very sensible in the ways of life. However, by the end of the novel, Hawthorne writes her character to be very manipulative and weak, for she dies of grief. On the other hand, the other female character, Priscilla, seems to hold the same mystical aura about her, yet she is the is t he typical female character. She is feminine in her daily activities; she prances around with a constant smile and seems naive about the world. She is the victim of others doings. The hierarchy of the sexes is blatantly obvious in that it favors the male and holds the male ideals perfectly. nbsp; Nature was a main idea in theShow MoreRelatedThe Whiteness of the Veil: Color and the veil in Hawthorne’s The Minister’s Black Veil and The Blithedale Romance1578 Words   |  6 PagesShadow in Hawthorne’s Fiction† Walter Blair approaches an interpretation of Hawthorne’s work through the author’s manipulation of color and light to produce symbolic meaning. Blair addresses â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† and notes the repeated emphasis on the blackness of Father Hooper’s veil and the pallor as a reaction to it. â€Å"The design of this tale,† he asserts, â€Å"is one in which repeated patterns of light, then blackness, then whiteness meaningfully occur† (Blair 76). Similarly, Hawthorne’s novel TheRead MoreThe Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Blithedale Romance And The Susanna Cummins The Lamplighter1574 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s The Blithedale Romance and Maria Susanna Cumminsâ€⠄¢ The Lamplighter are vastly different books. While originally published within two years of each other, both authors approached their writing through distinctive practices. Hawthorne failed to show development in the majority of his characters in his romance, while Cummins’ sentimental novel is heavily loaded with positive character growth. After reading The Blithedale Romance and The Lamplighter, one of the main differences notedRead MoreThe New England Renaissance1942 Words   |  8 Pagesof Longfellows earliest poems were published previous to 1830, and some of Whittiers also; but it was really nearer 1840 than 1830 that either obtained general recognition as a poet. Emersons first series of Essays was published in 1841, and Hawthornes Mosses from an Old Manse in 1846. The Scarlet Letter did not appear until 1850. It was, nevertheless, a period of intellectual activity. In Boston and Cambridge, new ideas were stirring the minds of the thinkers, and throughout the New En gland States

Monitoring and Detecting Abnormal Behavior in Mobile Cloud Free Essays

Monitoring and Detecting Abnormal Behavior in Mobile Cloud Infrastructure ABSTRACT Recently, several mobile services are changing to cloud-based mobile services with richer communications and higher flexibility. We present a new mobile cloud infrastructure that combines mobile devices and cloud services. This new infrastructure provides virtual mobile instances through cloud computing. We will write a custom essay sample on Monitoring and Detecting Abnormal Behavior in Mobile Cloud or any similar topic only for you Order Now To commercialize new services with this infrastructure, service providers should be aware of security issues. Here, we first define new mobile cloud services through mobile cloud infrastructure and discuss possible security threats through the use of several service scenarios. Then, we propose a methodology and architecture for detecting abnormal behavior through the monitoring of both host and network data. To validate our methodology, we injected malicious programs into our mobile cloud test bed and used a machine learning algorithm to detect the abnormal behavior that arose from these programs. Existing System On such normal mobile devices, most current vaccine applications detect malware through a signature-based method. Signature-based methods can detect malware in a short space of time with high accuracy, but they cannot detect new malware whose signature is unknown or has been modified. If mobile cloud services are provided, much more malicious applications may appear including new and modified malware. Therefore vaccine applications cannot detect and prohibit them with only signature-based method in the future. Moreover, mobile cloud infrastructure supports a huge number of virtual mobile instances. When a malware is compromised on a virtual mobile instance, it can be delivered to other virtual mobile instances in the same mobile cloud infrastructure. Without monitoring the network behavior in mobile cloud infrastructure, the malware will spread over the entire infrastructure. Algorithm: Random Forest Machine machine learning algorithm. Architecture: [pic] Proposed System Here We focuses on the abnormal behavior detection in mobile cloud infrastructure. Although signature-based vaccine applications can target on virtual mobile instances to detect malware, it makes additional overhead on instances, and it is difficult for users to install vaccine software by force when those instances are provided as a service. Behavior-based abnormal detection can address those problems by observing activities in the cloud infrastructure. To achieve this, we design a monitoring architecture using both the host and network data. Using monitored data, abnormal behavior is detected by applying a machine learning algorithm. To validate our methodology, we built a test bed for mobile cloud infrastructure, intentionally installed malicious mobile programs onto several virtual mobile instances, and then successfully detected the abnormal behavior that arose from those malicious programs. Implementation Implementation is the stage of the project when the theoretical design is turned out into a working system. Thus it can be considered to be the most critical stage in achieving a successful new system and in giving the user, confidence that the new system will work and be effective. The implementation stage involves careful planning, investigation of the existing system and it’s constraints on implementation, designing of methods to achieve changeover and evaluation of changeover methods. Main Modules:- 1. USER MODULE : In this module, Users are having authentication and security to access the detail which is presented in the ontology system. Before accessing or searching the details user should have the account in that otherwise they should register first. 2. MOBILE CLOUD SERVICE : Here new mobile cloud service through the virtualization of mobile devices in cloud infrastructure. We describe two main service scenarios to explain how this mobile cloud service can be used. Service scenarios are useful to discuss security threats on mobile cloud infrastructure, because they include users, places, mobile devices, and network types, and user’s interesting contents. We define mobile cloud computing as processing jobs for mobile devices in cloud computing infrastructure and delivering job results to mobile devices. e propose a new mobile cloud service as providing virtual mobile instances through mobile cloud computing. The proposed mobile cloud service provides virtual mobile instances through the combination of a mobile environment and cloud computing. Virtual mobile instances are available on mobile devices by accessing the mobile cloud infrastructure. This means that users connect to virtual mobile instances with their mobile devices and then use computing resources such as CPU, memory, and network resources on mobile cloud infrastructure. In this case, such mobile devices will have smaller roles to play than current mobile devices. 3. MALWARE DATA : We chose ‘GoldMiner’ malware applications to obtain abnormal data in our mobile cloud infrastructure. We installed the malware onto two hosts and ran it. It gathers location coordinate and device identifiers (IMEI and IMSI), and sends the information to its server. The malware target affecting each mobile instance as zombie, and there are many other malware which have the same purpose although their functionality and behavior are little different from each other. This kind of malware is more threatening to mobile cloud infrastructure because there are lots of similar virtual mobile instances and they are closely connected to each other. Entered data are not same, compare the database data that is called malwaredata. when If some abnormal behavior’s help to modify the date in External object. 4. ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR DETECTION : We used the Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm to train abnormal behavior with our collected data set. The RF algorithm is a combination of decision trees that each tree depends on the values of a random vector sampled independently and with the same distribution for all trees in the forest. We represented the collected features as a vector with the data subsequently used to train our collected data set. System Configuration:- H/W System Configuration:- Processor – Pentium –III Speed – 1. 1 Ghz RAM – 256 MB(min) Hard Disk – 20 GB Floppy Drive – 1. 4 MB Key Board – Standard Windows Keyboard Mouse – Two or Three Button Mouse Monitor – SVGA S/W System Configuration:- ? Operating System :Windows95/98/2000/XP ? Application Server : Tomcat5. 0/6. X ? Front End : HTML, Java, Jsp ? Scripts : JavaScript. ? Server side Script : Java Server Pages. ? Database : Mysql 5. 0 ? Database Connectivity : JDBC. How to cite Monitoring and Detecting Abnormal Behavior in Mobile Cloud, Essay examples

Declaration of Independence Summary free essay sample

The declaration of Independence was put in place on July 4th, 1776. The declaration came more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. It made the thirteen American colonies at war with Great Britain independent states and no longer under the British monarchial rule. Thomas Jefferson was chosen by John Adams to write the original draft of the declaration in which congress would finalize it. The declaration explained why the American colonies voted on July 2nd to declare independence; it would justify the independence of the United States due to its grievances against King Georg III and its right to revolt. The declaration of Independence asserted the rights of the American colonies to gain independence as ties with a once ruling country are not always in the best interest of the nation. It is the natural law of the people to govern themselves. It also gives the American people the right of revolution. We will write a custom essay sample on Declaration of Independence Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This gives all people the natural right to revolt if a government has violated their terms of rule. The declaration of Independence also gives natural rights to American citizens. It states that all men are created equal with the right of â€Å"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. † To govern these rights a government will be created and if a government becomes destructive and stops doing their jobs then it is the right of the people to alter of abolish them. A new government must be put in place to rule the country. The last section of the declaration refers to the charges of King George III. They all refer to him violating the colonist’s rights and therefore should no rule them. The King raised taxes, oppressed the rights of the people and obstructed the administration of justice. The declaration states that when they have gone through all possibilities and all options tried, with the tyranny of the king he must be removed and it is their given right.

Principles of Health Care Quality Improvement Anaesthetic Complicatio

Question: Discuss about thePrinciples of Health Care Quality Improvement for Anaesthetic Complication. Answer: Anaesthetics indicators are being used in the work area. Such an indicator measures the percentage of high risk in patients who post-surgery do not require anti-sickness medicine (Jones et al., 2012).In terms of an anaesthetic indicator, the metrics collected are temperature, nausea, pain and these data are collected by the anaesthetic. This information is of huge importance to the anaesthetics in order to understand the level of the dose applied to the patient and their responses to the drug used (Jones et al., 2012).From recorded level to general practice.All persons of all ages during the post-operation period can be measured using the anaesthetic indicator (Chen et al., 2013).12 to 14 hours after the operation the indicator should be used for the measurement.This indicator measures absolute numbers such as oxygen saturation, temperature and pulse rate and respiration (Chen et al., 2013).Data collection and collation is done from AQI NACOR outcome data framework. Each record in NACOR contains values that have defined reference values (ex. gender and timing event, Anesthesia type). Therefore, it is almost accurate but validation needs to be done (Chen et al., 2013).Potential problems may be associated with the sample collation and collection method and interpretation (Chen et al., 2013).No statistical tests are required after the specific measurements. Validation may be affected with small population due to environmental or physiological causes. (Chen et al., 2013). References: Chen Z, Shao DH, Hang LH. Effects of dexmedetomidine on performance of bispectral index as an indicator of loss of consciousness during propofol administration. Swiss Med Wkly. 2013 Mar 14;143:w13762. Jones A, Monagle JP, Peel S, Coghlan MW, Malkoutzis V, Groom A. Validity of anaesthetic complication coding data as a clinical indicator. Australian Health Review. 2012 May 25;36(2):229-32.

Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence Essay Example

Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence Essay Example Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence Essay Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence Essay Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence long enough to get money from it. Stephen Butler Leacock Advertising may be described as the science of striking the human acumen for a period to get money from it. It is used in many different ways for all diverse principles. Ads are used to get the word out to the consumers whether its for selling a product or to promote a special occasion. Advertisements are found in various place such as on TV, newspapers, billboards, internet, pop-ups, banners, cars and through people. Its pros and cons and word of mouth is probably the best form of advertising, as where TV advertising isnt as big as it used to be because of newer technology and most people change the channel or tune out. Advertising is the paid promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas by an identified sponsor. Marketers see advertising as part of an overall promotional strategy. Other components of the promotional mix include publicity, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion1. It must be seen or heard by potential buyers. Basically with ads its the most important aspects of any business to selling their products or service. Without sale, no business can succeed very long. The bottom line in any ad is quite simple: To make the reader buy the product or service2. A lot of companies spent extravagantly large amounts of money to make campaigns for their products to get the most from their patrons. One way they do this is by undergoing advertising techniques. Companies appeal to consumers in many different ways to persuade them to buy their products3. Advertisements are written according to a straightforward master formula which consists of four steps. 1 Advertising Wikipedia (2004) [online] at http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Advertising 2 Cyberganda Advertising Jeanell Bertels (2005) [online] at community. k12. mo. us/webquest/bertels/quest. htm 3 Media Awareness. They are, attract the ATTENTON of your prospect; INTEREST your prospect in the product; cause your prospect to DESIRE the product and finally demand ACTION from the prospect4. There are also numerous advertising techniques used to grab the human intelligence and to guide them into paying for a product or service. Avant garde is a technique suggesting that using this product puts the user ahead of times e. g. a toy manufacturer encourages kids to be the first on their block to have the new toy. Bandwagon suggests that everybody in using the product and that you should too in order to be part of the group e. g. a credit card company quotes the number of millions of people who use their card. Another technique is by using facts and figures in their advertisements. Statistic and objective factual information is used to prove the superiority of the product e. g. a car manufacturer quotes the amount of time it takes their car to get from 0 to 100 km/h. An alternative method used is through patriotism where it advocates purchasing this product show your love of your company e.  g. a company boasts about its products being made in Australia and employing Australian workers, Plain folks suggests that he product is a practical item of good value for ordinary people where it shows an ordinary family sitting down at a table for breakfast and enjoying their product the other is the Snob appeal where it shows the product being used by an elite group of customers with a luxurious and glamorous lifestyle e. g. a coffee manufacturer shows people dressed in formal clothing drinking their brand at an art gallery. Testimonials are another great way to sell items for consumption and a famous personality is used to endorse the product e. g. a famous NBA player recommends a particular brand of shoes. Last but not least is the technique through wit and humor. Customers are attracted to products that divert the audience by giving viewers a reason to laugh or to be entertained by cleaver use of visuals or language. The approach to take them extra dollars from the consumer pockets is on an all time high. With the fast food industries there has been a lot of controversy about the freshness and the health issue. 4 Advertising Campaign About. com (2004) [online] at http://advertising. about. com/od/smallbusinesscampaigns/a/youradcampaign. htm The fast food outlets came up with a new strategy to get rid of the negative stereotypes surrounding their companies. To overcome these problems, fast food outlets such as McDonalds came up with a new fresh and healthy menu for their customers. McDonalds issued out a campaign to start a Deli Choice menu for their consumers (see appendix 1). This was therefore due to the number of obesity levels and the criticism surrounding McDonalds through the film Supersize Me. McDonalds then introduced this to get a message to the public that their food isnt all fattening and unhealthy. They also started to put the nutrition details on every burger meal for their customers. The Salads Plus was also inserted into the menu to make the image give the impression of being healthy. Weve developed the range by adding new items and making improvements to some of the existing ones to ensure the Salads Plus menu range will leave you feeling great (see appendix 2). Through this manner, McDonalds are trying to make a statement to say that their products are healthy and that they have made a change from the past. McDonalds uses the technique of patriotism where they also tell their customer that their meat is all 100% Australian and that its endured to be of the highest quality5. With the fast food competition, McDonalds and Subway always were big rivals. They both used adverting techniques to make the other opponent look ghastly. With all the debate about the health issues, communication is a big part in it all. Without the communication, no one in the public will know the truth about all the good and bad things that happen in any class of advertisement. Advertising is used to grab out emotion in whichever sort of way and it will make us rethink about what we need to satisfy our needs. Ads can make us come back to something be decided to leave but through different viewpoint each time.

Free Essays on Utca

How do human beings make decisions? What triggers a person to take action at any given point? These are all questions that I will attempt to answer with my theoretical research into Leon Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance, as well as many of the other related theories. We often do not realize the psychological events that take place in our everyday lives. It is important to take notice of theories, such as the balance theory, the congruency theory and the cognitive dissonance theory so that one’s self-persuasion occurs knowingly. As psychologist and theorist gain a better understanding of Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory manipulation could occur more easily than it already does in today’s society. Leon Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory is very closely related to many of the consistency theories. The first of the major consistency theories, the balance theory, was proposed by Fritz Heider (1946, 1958) and was later revised by Theodore Newcomb (1953). Heider and Newcomb’s theory was mostly looking at the interaction between two people (interpersonally) and the conflicts that arose between them. When two people have conflicting opinions or tension is felt between another person, it is more likely persuasion will occur. Because if no tension was felt between the two parties, or there were no conflicting opinions there would be no need to persuade each other. If you think about it, persuasion occurs only because there is tension between two facts, ideas or people. Charles Larson writes in his book, Persuasion, Reception and Responsibility, â€Å"another approach to the consistency theory is congruency theory, by Charles Osgood and Percy Tennenbaum (1955)† (p.82). This theory suggests that we want to have balance in our lives and there is a systematic way to nu! merically figure it out. When two attitudes collide, we must strive to strike a balance between the two attitudes. The balance varies depending ... Free Essays on Utca Free Essays on Utca How do human beings make decisions? What triggers a person to take action at any given point? These are all questions that I will attempt to answer with my theoretical research into Leon Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance, as well as many of the other related theories. We often do not realize the psychological events that take place in our everyday lives. It is important to take notice of theories, such as the balance theory, the congruency theory and the cognitive dissonance theory so that one’s self-persuasion occurs knowingly. As psychologist and theorist gain a better understanding of Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory manipulation could occur more easily than it already does in today’s society. Leon Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory is very closely related to many of the consistency theories. The first of the major consistency theories, the balance theory, was proposed by Fritz Heider (1946, 1958) and was later revised by Theodore Newcomb (1953). Heider and Newcomb’s theory was mostly looking at the interaction between two people (interpersonally) and the conflicts that arose between them. When two people have conflicting opinions or tension is felt between another person, it is more likely persuasion will occur. Because if no tension was felt between the two parties, or there were no conflicting opinions there would be no need to persuade each other. If you think about it, persuasion occurs only because there is tension between two facts, ideas or people. Charles Larson writes in his book, Persuasion, Reception and Responsibility, â€Å"another approach to the consistency theory is congruency theory, by Charles Osgood and Percy Tennenbaum (1955)† (p.82). This theory suggests that we want to have balance in our lives and there is a systematic way to nu! merically figure it out. When two attitudes collide, we must strive to strike a balance between the two attitudes. The balance varies depending ...